1-Nitrogen is used in high temperature thermometers where mercury cannot be used. This is because mercury boils at 356.7oC and hence cannot be used in such thermometers. A volume of nitrogen is enclosed in a vessel and introduced into the region of high temperature. Depending upon the temperature, expansion of the nitrogen volume takes place. Then applying the gas equation, the temperature is calculated.2- Nitrogen mixed with argon is used in electric bulbs to provide an inert atmosphere. It helps in prevention of oxidation and evaporation of the filament of the bulb, giving it a longer life.
3- It is used to produce a blanketing atmosphere during processing of food stuff, to avoid oxidation of the food. It is also used when food is being canned, so that microorganisms do not grow.
4- It is used in metal working operations to control furnace atmosphere and in metallurgy to prevent oxidation of red-hot metals.
5- Nitrogen in the air helps as a diluting agent and makes combustion and respiration less rapid.
6- It is used by the chemical, petroleum, and paint industries to provide inactive atmosphere to prevent fires or explosions.
7- It is used in the industrial preparation of ammonia, which is converted into ammonium salts, nitric acid, urea, calcium cyanamide fertilizers etc.
8- Liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant for food, for storage of blood, cornea etc. in hospitals. Meat, fish etc., can be frozen in seconds by a blast of liquid nitrogen, which can provide temperatures below -196oC.
9- Liquid nitrogen is used in scientific research especially in the field of superconductors.
10- Nitrogen is essential for synthesis of proteins in plants. Proteins are essential for synthesis of protoplasm, without which life would not exist.
11- Liquid nitrogen is used in oil fields, to extinguish oil fires.
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